With the resurgence of vinyl, there are a few things you should know to maximise the musicality of your record player. If you’ve followed my previous articles, you’ll know that vinyl is a big topic these days, with lots of questions surrounding a turntable setup and how to get the best sound. One thing we haven’t covered, however, is phono preamps, also known as the phono stage.
So, what is the phono stage? Often overlooked, this essential electrical component plays a crucial role in allowing you to hear your records.
Every turntable needs a phono preamp. Without it, you won’t be able to properly hear your vinyl records. If you’re just getting back into vinyl, you’ve likely heard this common question: “Why do my records sound so quiet, even with the volume turned up to 11?” The answer is simple – the phono preamp isn’t being used.
This crucial component amplifies the output level from your turntable’s cartridge to match the requirements of your audio system – whether you’re using active speakers, an integrated stereo amplifier, or an AV receiver.
In this article, we’ll help you find the best phono preamp for your hi-fi system. We’ll also show you how to determine whether you already have one, as they can be either stand-alone devices or built into your equipment.
Most importantly, we’ll discuss why upgrading your phono preamp is just as essential as upgrading your cartridge.
In a hurry?
| Setup level | Recommendation | Why | Read more |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic | Pro-Ject Phono Box MM | Ideal for anyone starting out in the vinyl world. Simply does what it says on the tin. | Check current price |
| Intermediate | Lehmann Audio Black Cube SE MM/MC Phono Pre-Amplifier | If you’ve reached this level, then you're probably using high-quality cartridges and in order to utilise their ability, you need something more specialised. | Check current price |
| Best | Chord Electronics Huei Phono Stage | It was a close call between the Chord and iFi Audio iPhono3 Black Label Phono Pre-Amplifier, but its ability and funky looks just edge it for us. | Check current price |
What is a phono preamp?
As you might have guessed, without a phono preamp, the sound from your turntable will be very quiet. But there’s more to it: this tiny component, like any piece of audio equipment, varies in quality and performance. Its effectiveness depends on how well it matches the cartridge being used, as the cartridge’s output level needs to align with the preamp for optimal sound quality.
The primary role of the phono preamp is to amplify the cartridge’s voltage signal to a standard level of around 1 volt. Why is this necessary? Turntable cartridges operate in millivolts—a much smaller unit of measurement, with 1,000 millivolts (mV) equaling 1 volt.
Cartridges typically fall into two categories: moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC). Identifying the millivolt output of your cartridge is crucial when selecting the best phono preamp to pair with it.
Moving magnet cartridges usually have an output range of 3.5mV to 5mV, while moving coil cartridges can range from as low as 0.15mV to up to 3mV. This is why it’s vital to know your cartridge’s millivolt rating—the phono preamp must match its input level and be able to amplify the signal to the required 1 volt.
Many modern audio systems include basic phono preamps, often clearly labelled “Phono.” These setups typically feature a screw-type connection with a jagged washer labelled “ground.” If you see this, your system likely includes a built-in MM phono stage.
If you can’t locate a “Phono” label on your active speakers, integrated stereo amplifier, or AV receiver, a standalone phono preamp is required. It will sit between the turntable and your audio equipment to complete the signal chain.
Before purchasing a phono preamp, check your turntable. Some models include a switchable phono preamp that you can turn on or off. If your turntable has this feature, you might not need an external preamp. If it doesn’t, you’ll need to add one.
Important: Never connect a phono preamp to another phono stage. This can cause serious issues, and it’s something we cannot emphasise enough.
The best phono preamps
1. Pro-Ject Phono Box MM
Key features
- Metal case
- Special low-noise ICs
- Outboard power supply included
Pros
- Universally seen as the one best starter phono preamp for MM cartridges
- Simple to use with a plug-and-play design
- Ultra-compact design
Cons
- Doesn’t have the ability to run with higher-end turntables and cartridges
When it comes to choosing one of the best phono preamps, the Pro-Ject Phono Box MM is hard to ignore. Designed by Pro-Ject, this preamp stands out as one of the simplest and most accessible starter solutions available.
It’s also among the most affordable audiophile phono preamps on the market. Don’t mistake its low price for a lack of quality—its affordability is a result of Pro-Ject’s longevity in the industry, having been a trusted name since 1999.
The Phono Box MM features dedicated audiophile-grade electronics that follow a tried-and-tested design philosophy. This is one of the reasons the Pro-Ject Phono Box MM gained popularity and has remained a favorite in the audio world ever since.
Despite its small size, this compact preamp exudes quality. Measuring just 107mm wide, 30mm tall, and 75mm deep, it’s designed specifically for moving magnet (MM) cartridges with the standard 47kOhm impedance level.
As phono preamps go, the critically acclaimed Pro-Ject Phono Box MM is much more than the sum of its parts. It’s a fantastic option for anyone looking to access their vinyl collection affordably and with excellent sound quality.
2. Pro-Ject Phono Box MM/MC Phono Pre-Amplifier
Key features
- Compatible with moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) cartridges
- Low noise ICs
- Gold-plated RCA sockets
Pros
- Simple plug-and-play design with access toggle MM/MC switch
- Better than expected at stereo reproduction
- Quality belies its price point
Cons
- Can sometimes miss the finer detail that other phono stages bring
The Pro-Ject Phono Box MM/MC phono preamp is a step-up model from the Phono Box MM. While it retains some of the same design philosophy, it introduces several enhancements, starting with a sleeker enclosure. What truly sets this model apart, however, is its ability to work with both moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) cartridges.
The design is slightly different, featuring a 103mm-wide body, a height of 36mm, and a depth of 115mm. At the rear, a simple toggle button allows you to select between MM and MC cartridge types. MM cartridges use the standard 47kOhm impedance level, while MC cartridges are far more sensitive, requiring a 100-ohm impedance.
It’s clear that this phono preamp carries Pro-Ject’s signature attention to detail. It includes everything necessary to make a significant musical impact while maintaining a balance between cost and performance—an area where Pro-Ject consistently excels.
If you’re currently using an MM cartridge, you might wonder if it’s worth upgrading to the Pro-Ject Phono Box MM/MC. While the difference might not be immediately apparent, as you grow with your turntable, upgrading to an MC cartridge often becomes an inevitable next step.
This phono preamp’s superior chassis design and improved internal components ensure it remains a worthwhile investment, providing long-term value and enhanced performance.
These qualities have earned the Pro-Ject Phono Box MM/MC its well-deserved spot as our number two pick for the best phono preamps.
3. Musical Fidelity LX2-LPS Phono Stage
Key features
- RIAA correction
- ±0.25dB 20Hz-20kHZ accuracy, extending to 45kHz
- Great overload margin
Pros
- Build quality stands out from the competition
- Musically adept and better than its price point suggests
- Supports a wider range of MM and MC cartridges than most
Cons
- Quirky input loading feature with little guidance on how to use it
When it comes to phono preamps, the Musical Fidelity LX2-LPS stands out as a winner. It delivers a touch of excellence that sets it apart from others in its category, making it impossible to ignore when considering the best phono preamps.
Musical Fidelity has not announced a replacement for this model, which suggests it might be the last of their “sweet spot” products – those that have garnered critical acclaim from the global audio press.
Like the Pro-Ject Phono Box MM/MC, the Musical Fidelity LX2-LPS supports both moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) cartridges. Its setup is slightly more intricate, featuring dedicated inputs for each cartridge type via RCA connections.
Additionally, both inputs include corresponding loading RCA inputs, offering better control for cartridges that require specific adjustments. As mentioned earlier, not all cartridges output at the same millivolt level, making this a valuable feature.
The LX2-LPS is another compact unit, measuring 197mm wide, 46.5mm tall, and 172mm deep. It maintains an impedance level of 47kOhms for MM cartridges and 100 ohms for MC cartridges.
Musical Fidelity has long been a trusted name among audiophiles who appreciate high-fidelity sound, and the LX2-LPS lives up to that reputation. It’s a phono preamp that will undoubtedly shine in any capable system.
4. MoFi StudioPhono Phono Stage
Key features
- Selectable gain and loading
- Mono and Subsonic filter mode
- External power supply
Pros
- Extremely strong performance across all music genres
- Easy-access mono switch is perfect for mono vinyl lovers
- Comprehensive cartridge loading manual assists with setup
Cons
- Quite a plain design – but some may like this aesthetic!
If you’re not familiar with the MoFi brand, Mobile Fidelity Electronics was established in 1977 and has since become one of the undisputed leaders in audiophile recordings.
This expertise in sound quality has translated into their commercial audio components, which is why this uniquely designed phono preamp earns the number 4 spot on our list of the best phono preamps.
The MoFi StudioPhono isn’t for everyone – it’s one of the most complex phono preamps to set up, featuring numerous micro switches on its underside for optimal cartridge configuration.
However, this intricate setup offers significant advantages, making it one of the most versatile phono preamps on the market. Supporting both moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) cartridges, it allows you to adjust the cartridge impedance loading level to suit your specific needs.
The StudioPhono also includes a switchable mono mode and an additional subsonic filter, both of which enhance mono recordings and set this preamp apart from its competitors.
As mentioned, it’s not the easiest to set up, but once properly configured, the results are remarkable. Its performance far exceeds its price point, making it a standout choice for audiophiles.
5. Lehmann Audio Black Cube SE MM/MC Phono Pre-Amplifier
Key features
- 30 VA toroidal transformer in the PWX power supply (included)
- Onboard and hard wire slots for custom impedances
- Aluminium case with an anti-resonance top cover treatment
Pros
- Exquisite build quality
- The PWX power supply really improves its musical ability
- Custom cartridge loading ability sets it apart from the competition
Cons
- Things start to get pricy at this level!
Lehmann Audio is a prominent name in the world of phono preamps, and the Cube SE MM/MC is a perfect example of why this brand is so highly regarded. It’s more than deserving of a spot in our lineup of the best phono preamps.
The Lehmann Audio Black Cube SE comes paired with the PWX power supply, giving this phono stage a distinct edge over the models we’ve discussed earlier. The clean, controlled power delivered by the PWX unlocks the Black Cube SE’s full audio potential, allowing it to truly shine.
The PWX power supply brings a relaxed yet highly accurate sonic signature, revealing the nuances and wonders of your vinyl recordings. If you’re using a Lehmann Audio phono preamp, we recommend a high-level cartridge like the MC Ortofon Quintet Bronze or the MM Sumiko Amethyst.
Both the Black Cube and the PWX are compact, with the Black Cube measuring just 113mm x 108mm x 45mm (W x D x H) and the PWX slightly larger at 93mm x 233mm x 45mm. The preamp also includes gain adjustment options, offering greater flexibility for pairing with different cartridge brands.
For serious vinyl enthusiasts, Lehmann Audio is a familiar name, and many may already own this model. Its reputation in the phono preamp world is well-earned.
6. iFi Audio iPhono3 Black Label Phono Pre-Amplifier
Key features
- Class A TubeState engine
- Precise EQ curves
- Low noise floor of 85dB
Pros
- Class A TubeState engine ensures faithful vinyl audio reproduction
- Nice EQ curve adaptation
- iFi Audio’s uncompromising attention to detail makes it feel special
Cons
- The Microswitch setup for different cartridges is a learning curve
iFi Audio, a relative newcomer to the audio world, has been redefining expectations with a series of compact components that consistently push the boundaries of what great audio should sound like.
The iPhono3 Black is a prime example of this innovation. Like the Lehmann Audio Black Cube SE, it uses a dedicated power supply to elevate its performance, delivering high-fidelity sound quality that’s hard to match.
So, what makes the iPhono3 Black so special? iFi Audio approaches design differently, with a deep understanding of what users want. Time and again, they hit the mark, and the iPhono3 Black is no exception.
This is another phono preamp that can be tricky to set up initially, thanks to the multitude of micro switches on its underside. However, once configured, you can leave it to work its magic. It’s undoubtedly one of the best phono preamps available.
In terms of size, the iPhono3 Black is incredibly compact, measuring just 58mm x 28mm x 158mm (W x H x D). Thanks to its versatile micro switches, this preamp can adapt as you upgrade your cartridges, making it a product that grows with your system over time.
7. Chord Electronics Huei Phono Stage
Key features
- High- and low-gain switching settings
- Ultra-low-noise microprocessor
- Solid aircraft-grade aluminium billet construction
Pros
- Brings that British signature sound
- No other phono preamp can match its build quality in this lineup
- A renowned phono stage
Cons
- Cartridge loading system can take time to understand
Chord Electronics is a renowned brand that commands attention, and the Chord Electronics Huei phono preamp perfectly embodies their philosophy – even as an entry-level model.
It happens to be the most expensive unit on this list, which may seem surprising for an entry-level Chord product, but that’s the reality when dealing with such a prestigious name in the hi-fi industry.
Weighing almost three times more than the other phono preamps featured here, the Huei exudes quality. Its distinctive design, a hallmark of the Chord brand, is as eye-catching as it is functional.
But don’t be fooled into thinking this is just a stylish product with a famous name. The Huei is built with pedigree and includes exceptional power delivery, similar to the other high-performance phono preamps on this list.
This clean power ensures its internal components meet Chord’s uncompromising standards for musical excellence.
One standout feature is Chord’s innovative colour-coded system for impedance settings, which makes it easy to precisely pair the Huei with both moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) cartridges.
Despite its weight, the Huei remains ultra-compact, measuring 160mm in width, 72mm in height, and 43mm in depth. With 47kOhms for MM and 100 ohms for MC impedance levels, it offers exceptional versatility and compatibility with some of the best cartridges available.
How to choose the best phono preamp for your setup
Identifying what you need when searching for the best phono preamp for your setup can feel daunting, as this often-overlooked component is frequently forgotten.
So, where do you start? It’s a tricky question, especially since some electronics and turntables come with built-in phono preamps. If you’re aiming to upgrade your turntable’s musicality, it’s worth noting that without upgrading the phono preamp, any improvements from upgrading your cartridge may result in only a minor boost in performance.
Additionally, you might discover that your system’s built-in phono preamp, particularly if integrated into the turntable, cannot be bypassed. In such cases, upgrading your setup might require replacing both the turntable and the phono preamp to achieve the desired performance improvement.
One piece of advice is to use common sense when selecting a phono preamp. For instance, if your system includes something like the Marantz PM6007, adding a high-end phono preamp such as the Musical Fidelity LX2-LPS is unnecessary – it would be overkill and its capabilities would be wasted on the system.
It’s also important to note that, as mentioned earlier, if you’re using the internal phono preamp in your amplifier or turntable, you cannot add a second phono preamp via the input/output options.
This is why ensuring your turntable’s built-in phono preamp can be turned off is crucial, as using both simultaneously could cause unwanted damage. If the phono preamp is built into your active speakers, integrated stereo amplifier, or AV receiver, it’s a bit simpler. You can bypass it by connecting to a spare RCA interconnect input.
What about matching the phono preamp to your cartridge – MM (moving magnet) or MC (moving coil)? For MM cartridges, the 47kOhms impedance level is essential when choosing a phono stage. Some phono preamps also allow for gain level adjustments, which can be beneficial if your cartridge requires more flexibility. In such cases, it’s worth considering phono preamps with interchangeable settings.
For MC cartridges, matching gain levels (expressed as dB output) is even more critical. However, once you’ve selected both your cartridge and phono preamp, the process should become straightforward. Each cartridge specifies its required levels, and you simply adjust your phono preamp settings accordingly.
As with any hi-fi product combination, consider the overall value of your system. If your setup is worth between £3,000 and £5,000 and vinyl playback is a priority, phono preamps like the MoFi StudioPhono or Lehmann Audio Black Cube SE are excellent options. For most users, these will likely be the only phono preamps you’ll ever need.
FAQs
Do phono stages make a difference?
Phono stages can make a significant difference, but your system needs to be capable of revealing those benefits. With a high-quality phono stage, you can expect a more relaxed yet focused audio reproduction, along with greater definition in the bass, midrange, and treble.
How do I choose a preamp for my turntable?
The most important factor to consider when choosing a phono preamp is understanding the cartridge you’ll be pairing it with. MM, or moving magnet, cartridges are generally straightforward and compatible with most systems. However, if you’re using a moving coil (MC) cartridge, it’s essential to fully understand its specifications before making a purchase.
What is the difference between MC and MM phono preamps?
Although MM and MC cartridges may look similar, they function quite differently. MC cartridges have much lower impedance compared to MM cartridges, making them more sensitive and requiring careful attention to match with the phono preamp.
Final thoughts
When it comes to turntable purchases, some products are more complex than they initially seem, and choosing the best phono preamp is one such area that requires careful consideration. Simply buying the most expensive phono preamp you can afford won’t necessarily guarantee optimal performance.
You need to account for impedance levels and the type of cartridge you plan to use. Without this understanding, it’s impossible to determine which cartridge will be the right match for your setup.
That said, if you’re planning for the long term and aiming for top-tier models like the iFi or Chord phono preamps, investing in one now makes sense. Buying the right product once is far better than making multiple incremental purchases, only to end up at the same destination.
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